Dalziel UK (1996) Møller Denmark (1996) Kinyon USA (2002)   MIC Range (no. of strains=12) MIC50 MIC Range (no. of strains=5) MIC50 MIC Range (no. of strains=25) MIC50 Valnemulin 0.015-0.125 0.018 0.015 0.0156 0.03-2.0 0.06 Tiamulin 0.031-0.50 0.067 0.0156-0.0625 0.0441 0.06-8.0 0.125 Lincomycin 0.25-12.5 4.32 0.5-128.0 13.8 4.0->128 32 Tylosin 0.0-200.0 31.6 2.0->128.0 24 <16>512 >512

 
 

Kessler Germany (2001) Merialdi Italy (2003) Mars & Ripley UK (2003)   MIC Range (no. of strains=13) MIC90 MIC Range (no. of strains=10) MIC50 MIC Range (no. of strains=10) MIC50 Valnemulin 0.063-0.25 0.25 <0.067-2.0 0.25 0.0075-0.25 0.04 Tiamulin 0.125-1.0 1.0 0.125-2.0 0.5 0.015-0.5 0.09 Lincomycin nd           Tylosin nd

 
 

103 isolates of B. pilosicoli were examined routinely for susceptibility to valnemulin in the period between Feb 2000 and June 2003:

2000 2001 2002 2003 up to Jul 2003 Number of isolates 21 43 29 10 Susceptilbity to Valnemulin (in %) 95% 100% 100% 100%

Aitken UK Møller Denmark Karlsson Sweden (2000) Ritzmann Germany Cizek Cz. Rep Karlsson Sweden (2002) MIC50 (no. of strains=10) MIC Range (no. of strains=10) MIC Range (no. of strains=50) MIC (no. of strains=5) MIC50 (no. of strains=100) MIC50 (no. of strains=76) Valnemulin 0.1 0.0156-1.0 <0.016-1.0 <0.039 0.125 0.031 Tiamulin 0.3 0.125-1.0 0.031-2.0 <0.039-0.15 ? ? Lincomycin 50 64->128 n.d. 50 32 16 Tylosin 200 128->128 <2.0->256 n.d. n.d. >256

 
 

 
 

Antimicrobial susceptibility B. hyo to Valnemulin vs. Tiamulin
 

 

Karlsson and Franklin (2000)

 
 

Antimicrobial susceptibility B. hyo to Tylosin vs. Erythromycin
 

 

Karlsson and Franklin (2000)

 
 

Antimicrobial susceptibility B. hyo to Valnemulin vs. Tiamulin and Tylosin
 

 

Karlsson and Franklin (2000)

 
 

MIC₅₀ – Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
 

Aitken and others (1999)